The Laws of the Game are the rules governing a game of association football. They are written and maintained by the International Football Association Board (IFAB).
The current Laws of the Game (LOTG) consist of 17 individual laws:
• Law 1: The Field of Play
• Law 2: The Ball
• Law 3: The Number of Players
• Law 4: The Players' Equipment
• Law 5: The Referee
• Law 6: The Assistant Referees
• Law 7: The Duration of the Match
• Law 8: The Start and Restart of Play
• Law 9: The Ball In and Out of Play
• Law 10: The Method of Scoring
• Law 11: Offside
• Law 12: Fouls and Misconduct
• Law 13: Free Kicks
• Law 14: The Penalty Kick
• Law 15: The Throw-In
• Law 16: The Goal Kick
• Law 17: Corner kick
One major problem of the game today is refereeing. Several contestable and unfair decisions are frequently taken by referees during football matches. We are going to present what are missions and duties of referees, and how it is possible to assist them in order to take good decision.
Laws concerning referees
LAW 5 – THE REFEREE
• takes action against team officials who fail to conduct themselves in a responsible manner and may, at his discretion, expel them from the field of play and its immediate surrounds
• Acts on the advice of assistant referees regarding incidents that he has not seen
• ensures that no unauthorized persons enter the field of play
• restarts the match after it has been stopped
• provides the appropriate authorities with a match report, which includes information on any disciplinary action taken against players, and/or team officials and any other incidents that occurred before, during or after the match
Decisions of the Referee
The decisions of the referee regarding facts connected with play are final.
The referee may only change a decision on realizing that it is incorrect or, at his discretion, on the advice of an assistant referee, provided that he has not restarted play or terminated the match.
LAW 6 – THE ASSISTANT REFEREES
Duties
Two assistant referees are appointed whose duties, subject to the decision of the referee, are to indicate:
• when the whole of the ball has passed out of the field of play
• which side is entitled to a corner kick, goal kick or throw-in
• when a player may be penalized for being in an offside position
• when a substitution is requested
• when misconduct or any other incident has occurred out of the view of the referee
• when offences have been committed whenever the assistants are closer to the action than the referee (this includes, in particular circumstances, offences committed in the penalty area)
• whether, at penalty kicks, the goalkeeper has moved forward before the ball has been kicked and if the ball has crossed the line
Assistance
The assistant referees also assist the referee to control the match in accordance with the Laws of the Game. In particular, they may enter the field of play to help control the 9.15 m distance.
In the event of undue interference or improper conduct, the referee will relieve an assistant referee of his duties and make a report to the appropriate authorities.
Problem of referees
Despite their presence, it still remains situations where the three referees are limited in taking decision when we consider the game speed. For example: has the ball passed the goal line or not? Has the fault been committed inside the penalty area or not? The list of questions is not exhaustive. With all the stakes in football nowadays (especially financial), it becomes necessary to introduce measures or additional means to help referees.
- More referees on the field of play?
We can think to add two additional referees on the field of play, one in each penalty area. Placed just on the goal line and next to the goal, this referee would monitor if the ball has passed the line but also faults committed inside penalty area.
- Referee video
Sport where video referee is already applied.
• Cricket
In cricket, the video referee is referred to as the third umpire. The third umpire is called upon to adjudicate by the two on-field umpires where they are unsure over a decision of a dismissal or boundary.
• Field hockey
Video umpires are used in top-level FIH events to assist the on-field umpires. The match umpires may refer decisions to the video umpire when they are uncertain of the correct decision relating to the awarding or disallowing of goals.
• Ice hockey
In ice hockey, the video referee is referred to as a Video Goal Judge.
• Rugby league
Video referees are also used in rugby league in the domestic National Rugby League (Australia/New Zealand), Super League (Europe) as well as in international matches. In rugby league the video referee can be called upon by the match official to determine the outcome of a possible try. The "video ref" can make judgments on knock-ons, offside, obstructions, hold-ups and whether or not a player has gone dead, but cannot rule on a forward pass. If a forward pass has gone un-noticed by the on-field officials it must be disregarded by the video ref, as such judgments cannot reliably be made due to camera angle effects.
• What about football?
Introducing video referee in football always remains object of discussion in football instance, players, supporters, etc.
- Arguments
On the otherwise, they evoke the risk to assist to endless because of stoppages.
Those who agree for the using of video referee think there would be more equity in the game, less controversies decisions and the added that stoppages of play anyway is not going to make the game any slower. They agree with the fact that video referee should be used under control.
- IFAB’s position
Goal-line technology put on ice, (FIFA.com) Saturday 8 March 2008
At its Annual General Meeting today in Gleneagles, Scotland, the International Football Association Board (IFAB) has decided to put on ice goal-line technology and to stop tests in this area until further notice. Amongst others, the questions of the human aspect of the game, the universality of the Laws of the Game, as well as the simplicity and efficiency of the technology were taken into consideration.
However, the IFAB has approved a proposal from FIFA to conduct an experiment involving two additional assistant referees who will mainly focus on fouls and misconduct in the penalty area. The competition in which this test will be conducted will be decided at a later stage.
The Board also discussed a proposal from the Scottish FA regarding the use of video evidence to sanction simulation after the game. Although the suggestion was not approved, the IFAB members agreed that simulation is an act of cheating which must be intensively fought and sanctioned during the game and that all member associations would be encouraged to do so.
- Solutions?
• Telling if a ball had actually crossed the line (there was talk of FIFA putting a chip in the ball recently).
• Punishing incidents that had gone unnoticed or were inadequately dealt with after the game.
• Dealing with people who have dived, feigned injury in a game retrospectively.
The system of joker could be applied like in tennis for instance:
The referees remain the boss of the game; each team has three jokers per match for instance. If one team disagrees with referees decisions, its coach will call on the fourth referee in charge of video. He analyses the video and communicate the result to the central referee. If the fourth referee estimate that this query is right, the central referee’s decision will be cancelled and the plaintiff team will keep his joker. On the contrary, the team will lose one joker.
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